福特物流外包（南京福特外包怎么样）

个人学习 2024-03-18 28 0

案例分析——福特公司的物流外包

SCM enables winning business models by helping companies to:

供应链管理通过帮助公司:

To deliver unsurpassed customer value, companies must develop unique competencies, relying increasingly on capable supply chain partners.

为了提供无与伦比的客户价值，公司必须发展独特的能力，越来越依赖有能力的供应链合作伙伴。

福特汽车公司物流外包决策

Purchasing, supply management, procurement, can be used interchangeably.

采购，供应管理，采购，可以互换使用。

In the narrow sense: …the acquisition of goods or services in exchange for a consideration, usually money

从狭义上讲:…以对价(通常是金钱)换取商品或服务

…the integration of related functions to provide effective and efficient materials and services to the organisation. (Leenders, p4)

整合相关职能，为组织提供有效和高效的材料和服务。

Successful purchasing can substantially leverage the profit of an organisation

成功的采购可以大大提高组织的利润

Four developments in operations management increased the importance of purchasing:

业务管理方面的四个发展增加了采购的重要性:

【准时制(Just in Time，JIT)生产是指：在所需要的时刻，按所需要的数量生产所需要的产品（或零部件）的生产模式，其目的是加速半成品的流转，将库存的积压减少到最低的限度，从而提高企业的生产效益。——来源百度百科, JIT会在W3里专门说】

Knowledge Management 知识管理

Relationship Management 关系管理

Process Management 流程管理

Technology Management 技术管理

Manufacturers spend 55% of each pound on purchased goods and services

制造商将每一英镑的55%用于购买商品和服务

Approximately 60-80% of operating expense

约占运营费用的60-80%

Direct manufacturing costs have declined to between five and 15% of total operating costs

直接制造成本已经下降到总运营成本的5%到15%之间

Service industries spend less on purchased materials than manufacturing

服务业在采购材料上的花费比制造业要少

Focusing on core competencies has led many companies to outsource value added activities

对核心竞争力的关注导致许多公司将增值活动外包出去

Sourcing professionals take on the role of acquiring and managing:

采购专业人员承担采购和管理的角色:

【我的理解是supplier capacity是供应商能够提供多少，supplier capabilities是供应商的产能】

【最左面为第一步】

Well-managed companies use a purchasing policy or procedure handbook to guide interactions between internal users and sourcing

管理良好的公司使用采购政策或程序手册来指导内部用户和采购之间的互动

Purchase requisition is used to clearly describe and communicate needs to sourcing

采购申请单用于清楚地描述和沟通采购需求

Identification involves making a list of all potential suppliers. A purchaser might look to the company’s purchasing database or directories such the Thomas Register of American Manufacturers, which lists over 150,000 companies. 识别包括列出所有潜在供应商的清单。购买者可能会查看公司的采购数据库或目录，如列出超过15万家公司的托马斯美国制造商登记册。

Evaluation involves the identification of supplier selection criteria and the gathering of performance information that can be used to assess and compare possible suppliers. 评价包括确定供应商选择标准和收集可用于评价和比较可能的供应商的绩效信息。

Price is the most-frequently-used factor to evaluate the sourcing group’s performance

价格是评估采购团队绩效最常用的因素

Best price is pursued using:

追求最优价格使用:

Reverse auctions are defined by suppliers bidding for a customer’s business.

反向拍卖是由供应商竞标客户的业务定义的

Supplier participants in reverse auctions should be prequalified, and winning bidders should have their capabilities verified before contracts are issued.

逆向拍卖的供应商参与者应进行资格预审，中标者应在合同签发前对其能力进行核实。

Focus on price and competitiveness contrary to supply chain principles of total cost of ownership and collaborative relationships.

专注于价格和竞争力，与总拥有成本和合作关系的供应链原则相反

Purchase orders specify the terms and conditions of the purchase agreement and initiate supplier action

采购订单规定了采购协议的条款和条件，并启动了供应商的行动

Blanket orders specify the overall terms of agreement for a given time period and cover the entire quantity to be purchased

总订单规定了给定时间段内协议的总体条款，并涵盖了要购买的全部数量

Regular follow-up allows identification of quality or delivery problems

定期跟踪可以识别质量或交货问题

Expediting refers to efforts to speed up delivery of an order

催货是指努力加快订单的交付

Penalty clauses can be used in purchase agreements

处罚条款可以用在购买协议中

Receipt and inspection matches the invoice the contents via physical count and quality inspection

通过实物清点和质量检验，收货检验与发票内容相符

Primary reason for failure:

Efficient procedures for invoice clearance improve:

改善有效的发票清关程序:

Performance monitoring allows identification of candidates for increased collaboration and long-term supplier relationships

绩效监控允许识别候选企业，以增加合作和长期供应商关系

Four types of information should be tracked:

应跟踪四种信息:

物流外包和第三方物流案例分析

Specific application of process mapping based on lean manufacturing principles.

基于精益制造原理的过程映射的具体应用。

System boundaries typically defined at the macro level.

系统边界通常在宏观级别定义。

Generally contains more information then typical process maps:

通常包含比典型流程图更多的信息:

福特物流外包

Supply chain mapping generally begins with a high level map to identify major linkages and bottleneck areas.

供应链映射通常从一个高级图开始，以确定主要联系和瓶颈区域。

Supply chain maps should consider linkages with customers and key suppliers.

供应链图应考虑与客户和主要供应商的联系。

Tools like the pipeline map may identify unnecessary complexity, thereby leading to improvements to the current competitive state of the supply chain.

像管道图这样的工具可以识别出不必要的复杂性，从而改善供应链当前的竞争状态。